Index / Search / Alnus incana ssp. rugosa
§1 Plant
Alnus incana (L.) Moench ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) R.T. Clausen
vernacular speckled alder — subspecies · Betulaceae
§2Habit & range
Habit and range
- Growth habit
- Shrub, Tree
- Duration
- Perennial
- Group
- Dicot
- Family
- Betulaceae Gray
- Genus
- Alnus
§2a
Native status, by region
- CAN Canada Native
- L48 Lower 48 States Native
- SPM St. Pierre & Miquelon Native
§2b
County-level range
· 405 counties across 18 states/territories§3Cultivation specs · USDA
Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.
§3a
Tolerances
- Drought
- Low
- Shade
- Medium
- Moisture use
- Medium
- Fire
- Medium
- Salinity
- Low
- Anaerobic
- High
- CaCO₃
- Medium
- Hedging
- Low
§3b
Climate & soil
- Cold tolerance
- -47 °F minimum
- Frost-free days
- 80 min.
- Precipitation
- 21–65 in/yr
- pH range
- 4.8–7.7
- Root depth
- 24 in min.
- Fertility need
- Medium
- Soil texture
- medium, fine
§3c
Form & growth
- Growth form
- Multiple Stem
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Lifespan
- Long
- Mature height
- 16 ft
- Height @ 20 y
- 16 ft
- Foliage texture
- Coarse
- Foliage colour
- Dark Green
- Porosity (summer)
- Dense
- Porosity (winter)
- Moderate
- Flower colour
- Yellow
- Fruit colour
- Brown
- Fire resistant
- No
- N fixation
- Low
- Toxicity
- None
§3d
Reproduction
- Bloom period
- Early Spring
- Seed abundance
- Low
- Seed begins
- Spring
- Seed ends
- Fall
- Spread rate
- Slow
- Stratify
- Yes
- Seeds / lb
- 1,084,250
- Propagation
- seed, bare root, container
§3e
Use & availability
- Commercial availability
- Routinely Available
- Nursery stock
- Yes
- Browse palatability
- Low
- Graze palatability
- Low
- Palatable, human
- No
- Protein potential
- Low
- Lumber
- No
- Fuelwood
- Low
- Christmas tree
- No
§4Counties, by state
Recorded in 405 counties across 18 states/territories.
Illinois view state ↗ 6 N ▾
Indiana view state ↗ 21 N ▾
Kentucky view state ↗ 3 N ▾
Maine view state ↗ 16 N ▾
Massachusetts view state ↗ 14 N ▾
Michigan view state ↗ 71 N ▾
- Alcona 26001
- Alger 26003
- Allegan 26005
- Alpena 26007
- Antrim 26009
- Arenac 26011
- Baraga 26013
- Bay 26017
- Benzie 26019
- Berrien 26021
- Calhoun 26025
- Cass 26027
- Charlevoix 26029
- Cheboygan 26031
- Chippewa 26033
- Clare 26035
- Clinton 26037
- Crawford 26039
- Delta 26041
- Dickinson 26043
- Emmet 26047
- Genesee 26049
- Gladwin 26051
- Gogebic 26053
- Grand Traverse 26055
- Gratiot 26057
- Houghton 26061
- Huron 26063
- Ingham 26065
- Iosco 26069
- Iron 26071
- Isabella 26073
- Kalamazoo 26077
- Kalkaska 26079
- Kent 26081
- Keweenaw 26083
- Lake 26085
- Lapeer 26087
- Leelanau 26089
- Luce 26095
- Mackinac 26097
- Macomb 26099
- Manistee 26101
- Marquette 26103
- Mason 26105
- Mecosta 26107
- Menominee 26109
- Midland 26111
- Missaukee 26113
- Montmorency 26119
- Muskegon 26121
- Newaygo 26123
- Oakland 26125
- Oceana 26127
- Ogemaw 26129
- Ontonagon 26131
- Osceola 26133
- Oscoda 26135
- Otsego 26137
- Ottawa 26139
- Presque Isle 26141
- Roscommon 26143
- Saginaw 26145
- Sanilac 26151
- Schoolcraft 26153
- St. Clair 26147
- St. Joseph 26149
- Tuscola 26157
- Van Buren 26159
- Wayne 26163
- Wexford 26165
Minnesota view state ↗ 42 N ▾
- Aitkin 27001
- Anoka 27003
- Becker 27005
- Beltrami 27007
- Benton 27009
- Carlton 27017
- Cass 27021
- Chisago 27025
- Clearwater 27029
- Cook 27031
- Crow Wing 27035
- Dakota 27037
- Douglas 27041
- Goodhue 27049
- Hennepin 27053
- Houston 27055
- Hubbard 27057
- Isanti 27059
- Itasca 27061
- Kanabec 27065
- Kittson 27069
- Koochiching 27071
- Lake 27075
- Lake of the Woods 27077
- Mahnomen 27087
- Mille Lacs 27095
- Morrison 27097
- Norman 27107
- Pennington 27113
- Pine 27115
- Polk 27119
- Ramsey 27123
- Roseau 27135
- Sherburne 27141
- St. Louis 27137
- Stearns 27145
- Todd 27153
- Wabasha 27157
- Wadena 27159
- Washington 27163
- Winona 27169
- Wright 27171
New Hampshire view state ↗ 10 N ▾
New Jersey view state ↗ 12 N ▾
New York view state ↗ 44 N ▾
- Albany 36001
- Allegany 36003
- Bronx 36005
- Cattaraugus 36009
- Cayuga 36011
- Chautauqua 36013
- Clinton 36019
- Columbia 36021
- Delaware 36025
- Erie 36029
- Essex 36031
- Franklin 36033
- Greene 36039
- Hamilton 36041
- Herkimer 36043
- Jefferson 36045
- Kings 36047
- Lewis 36049
- Madison 36053
- Monroe 36055
- Nassau 36059
- New York 36061
- Oneida 36065
- Ontario 36069
- Orange 36071
- Oswego 36075
- Putnam 36079
- Queens 36081
- Rensselaer 36083
- Richmond 36085
- Rockland 36087
- Saratoga 36091
- Schenectady 36093
- St. Lawrence 36089
- Suffolk 36103
- Sullivan 36105
- Tioga 36107
- Tompkins 36109
- Ulster 36111
- Warren 36113
- Washington 36115
- Wayne 36117
- Westchester 36119
- Yates 36123
North Dakota view state ↗ 7 N ▾
Ohio view state ↗ 19 N ▾
Pennsylvania view state ↗ 49 N ▾
- Armstrong 42005
- Beaver 42007
- Bedford 42009
- Berks 42011
- Blair 42013
- Bradford 42015
- Butler 42019
- Cambria 42021
- Cameron 42023
- Carbon 42025
- Centre 42027
- Clarion 42031
- Clearfield 42033
- Clinton 42035
- Columbia 42037
- Crawford 42039
- Cumberland 42041
- Dauphin 42043
- Elk 42047
- Erie 42049
- Fayette 42051
- Forest 42053
- Franklin 42055
- Huntingdon 42061
- Jefferson 42065
- Lackawanna 42069
- Lawrence 42073
- Lebanon 42075
- Lehigh 42077
- Luzerne 42079
- Lycoming 42081
- McKean 42083
- Mercer 42085
- Mifflin 42087
- Monroe 42089
- Montour 42093
- Northampton 42095
- Perry 42099
- Pike 42103
- Potter 42105
- Schuylkill 42107
- Snyder 42109
- Somerset 42111
- Sullivan 42113
- Susquehanna 42115
- Tioga 42117
- Venango 42121
- Warren 42123
- Wayne 42127
Rhode Island view state ↗ 3 N ▾
Vermont view state ↗ 13 N ▾
Virginia view state ↗ 4 N ▾
West Virginia view state ↗ 6 N ▾
Wisconsin view state ↗ 65 N ▾
- Adams 55001
- Ashland 55003
- Barron 55005
- Bayfield 55007
- Brown 55009
- Buffalo 55011
- Burnett 55013
- Calumet 55015
- Chippewa 55017
- Clark 55019
- Columbia 55021
- Dane 55025
- Dodge 55027
- Door 55029
- Douglas 55031
- Dunn 55033
- Eau Claire 55035
- Florence 55037
- Fond du Lac 55039
- Forest 55041
- Green 55045
- Iowa 55049
- Iron 55051
- Jackson 55053
- Jefferson 55055
- Kenosha 55059
- Kewaunee 55061
- La Crosse 55063
- Langlade 55067
- Lincoln 55069
- Manitowoc 55071
- Marathon 55073
- Marinette 55075
- Marquette 55077
- Menominee 55078
- Milwaukee 55079
- Monroe 55081
- Oconto 55083
- Oneida 55085
- Outagamie 55087
- Ozaukee 55089
- Pepin 55091
- Pierce 55093
- Polk 55095
- Portage 55097
- Price 55099
- Racine 55101
- Richland 55103
- Rock 55105
- Rusk 55107
- Sauk 55111
- Sawyer 55113
- Shawano 55115
- Sheboygan 55117
- Taylor 55119
- Trempealeau 55121
- Vernon 55123
- Vilas 55125
- Washburn 55129
- Washington 55131
- Waukesha 55133
- Waupaca 55135
- Waushara 55137
- Winnebago 55139
- Wood 55141
§5Sources & provenance
USDA PLANTS
Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.
plants.usda.gov/ALINR ↗GBIF Backbone
Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.
gbif.org/species/2876469 ↗Record version
Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:
usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26
fetched 2026-05-26T20:46:58Z