Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb.) Franco

vernacular Norfolk Island pine — species · Araucariaceae

USDA: ARHE12
GBIF: 2684969
Rank: species

Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria heterophylla) — Platephotograph · Jens Sommer-KnudsenCC BY-NC source · iNaturalist ↗

§2Habit & range

Growth habit: Tree
Duration: Perennial
Group: Gymnosperm
Family: Araucariaceae Henkel & W. Hochst.
Genus: Araucaria

§2a

Native status, by region

L48 Lower 48 States Introduced
PB Pacific Basin (except Hawaii) Introduced

§2b

County-level range

· 2 counties across 1 state

Legend Native · 0 Introduced · 2 Both · 0 Hover a county for detail.

§3Cultivation specs · USDA

Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.

§3a

Tolerances

Drought: Medium
Shade: Medium
Fire: Medium
Salinity: Medium
Anaerobic: None
Hedging: Low

§3b

Climate & soil

Cold tolerance: 35 °F minimum
Frost-free days: 365 min.
Precipitation: 34–157 in/yr
pH range: 4.6–7.8
Root depth: 36 in min.

§3c

Form & growth

Growth form: Single Crown
Growth rate: Rapid
Lifespan: Moderate
Mature height: 50 ft
Height @ 20 y: 40 ft
Foliage texture: Coarse
Foliage colour: Green
Fruit colour: Brown
Fire resistant: No
N fixation: None
Toxicity: Slight

§3d

Reproduction

Seed begins: Summer
Seed ends: Fall
Stratify: No
Seeds / lb: 1,728
Propagation: seed, cuttings, bare root, container

§3e

Use & availability

Nursery stock: Yes
Browse palatability: Low
Graze palatability: Low
Palatable, human: No
Lumber: Yes
Fuelwood: Low
Christmas tree: Yes

§4Counties, by state

Recorded in 2 counties across 1 state.

Florida view state ↗ 2 I ▾

§5Sources & provenance

USDA PLANTS

Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.

plants.usda.gov/ARHE12 ↗

GBIF Backbone

Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.

gbif.org/species/2684969 ↗

Record version

Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:

usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26

fetched 2026-05-26T20:46:58Z