Index / Search / Circaea alpina
§1 Plant
Circaea alpina L.
vernacular small enchanter's nightshade — species · Onagraceae
§2Habit & range
Habit and range
- Growth habit
- Forb/herb
- Duration
- Perennial
- Group
- Dicot
- Family
- Onagraceae Juss.
- Genus
- Circaea
§2a
Native status, by region
- AK Alaska Native
- CAN Canada Native
- L48 Lower 48 States Native
- SPM St. Pierre & Miquelon Native
§2b
County-level range
· 588 counties across 34 states/territories§3Cultivation specs · USDA
Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.
§3a
Tolerances
- Drought
- Low
- Shade
- Low
- Moisture use
- Medium
- Fire
- Low
- Salinity
- None
- Anaerobic
- None
- CaCO₃
- Low
- Hedging
- None
§3b
Climate & soil
- Cold tolerance
- -38 °F minimum
- Frost-free days
- 80 min.
- Precipitation
- 16–55 in/yr
- pH range
- 5–6.6
- Root depth
- 10 in min.
- Fertility need
- Medium
- Soil texture
- medium
§3c
Form & growth
- Growth form
- Rhizomatous
- Growth rate
- Moderate
- Lifespan
- Moderate
- Mature height
- 0.9 ft
- Foliage texture
- Medium
- Foliage colour
- Green
- Porosity (summer)
- Porous
- Porosity (winter)
- Porous
- Flower colour
- White
- Fruit colour
- Brown
- Fire resistant
- No
- N fixation
- None
- Toxicity
- None
§3d
Reproduction
- Bloom period
- Late Spring
- Seed abundance
- Medium
- Seed begins
- Summer
- Seed ends
- Fall
- Spread rate
- Slow
- Stratify
- No
- Seeds / lb
- 900,000
- Propagation
- seed, bare root, tubers
§3e
Use & availability
- Commercial availability
- No Known Source
- Nursery stock
- No
- Palatable, human
- No
- Lumber
- No
- Christmas tree
- No
§4Counties, by state
Recorded in 588 counties across 34 states/territories.
Alaska view state ↗ 16 N ▾
- Aleutians East 02013
- Anchorage 02020
- Denali 02068
- Dillingham 02070
- Fairbanks North Star 02090
- Haines 02100
- Kenai Peninsula 02122
- Ketchikan Gateway 02130
- Kodiak Island 02150
- Lake and Peninsula 02164
- Matanuska-Susitna 02170
- Northwest Arctic 02188
- Sitka 02220
- Southeast Fairbanks 02240
- Yakutat 02282
- Yukon-Koyukuk 02290
Arizona view state ↗ 3 N ▾
California view state ↗ 27 N ▾
- Alpine 06003
- Amador 06005
- Butte 06007
- Calaveras 06009
- El Dorado 06017
- Fresno 06019
- Humboldt 06023
- Kern 06029
- Lake 06033
- Madera 06039
- Marin 06041
- Mariposa 06043
- Mendocino 06045
- Modoc 06049
- Mono 06051
- Nevada 06057
- Placer 06061
- Plumas 06063
- San Bernardino 06071
- Shasta 06089
- Sierra 06091
- Siskiyou 06093
- Sonoma 06097
- Tehama 06103
- Trinity 06105
- Tulare 06107
- Tuolumne 06109
Colorado view state ↗ 5 N ▾
District of Columbia view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Idaho view state ↗ 23 N ▾
- Ada 16001
- Adams 16003
- Bannock 16005
- Boise 16015
- Bonner 16017
- Boundary 16021
- Cassia 16031
- Clearwater 16035
- Elmore 16039
- Fremont 16043
- Gem 16045
- Idaho 16049
- Kootenai 16055
- Latah 16057
- Lemhi 16059
- Madison 16065
- Nez Perce 16069
- Owyhee 16073
- Power 16077
- Shoshone 16079
- Teton 16081
- Valley 16085
- Washington 16087
Illinois view state ↗ 4 N ▾
Indiana view state ↗ 8 N ▾
Kentucky view state ↗ 9 N ▾
Maine view state ↗ 15 N ▾
Massachusetts view state ↗ 12 N ▾
Michigan view state ↗ 55 N ▾
- Alcona 26001
- Alger 26003
- Antrim 26009
- Arenac 26011
- Baraga 26013
- Benzie 26019
- Berrien 26021
- Calhoun 26025
- Cass 26027
- Charlevoix 26029
- Cheboygan 26031
- Chippewa 26033
- Crawford 26039
- Delta 26041
- Dickinson 26043
- Eaton 26045
- Emmet 26047
- Gogebic 26053
- Grand Traverse 26055
- Gratiot 26057
- Houghton 26061
- Ingham 26065
- Ionia 26067
- Iosco 26069
- Iron 26071
- Jackson 26075
- Kent 26081
- Keweenaw 26083
- Lapeer 26087
- Leelanau 26089
- Luce 26095
- Mackinac 26097
- Macomb 26099
- Manistee 26101
- Marquette 26103
- Mason 26105
- Mecosta 26107
- Menominee 26109
- Midland 26111
- Monroe 26115
- Montmorency 26119
- Muskegon 26121
- Newaygo 26123
- Oakland 26125
- Oceana 26127
- Ontonagon 26131
- Oscoda 26135
- Ottawa 26139
- Roscommon 26143
- Schoolcraft 26153
- Shiawassee 26155
- St. Clair 26147
- Van Buren 26159
- Washtenaw 26161
- Wayne 26163
Minnesota view state ↗ 38 N ▾
- Aitkin 27001
- Anoka 27003
- Becker 27005
- Beltrami 27007
- Blue Earth 27013
- Carlton 27017
- Cass 27021
- Chisago 27025
- Clearwater 27029
- Cook 27031
- Crow Wing 27035
- Dakota 27037
- Douglas 27041
- Fillmore 27045
- Hennepin 27053
- Houston 27055
- Hubbard 27057
- Isanti 27059
- Itasca 27061
- Kittson 27069
- Koochiching 27071
- Lake 27075
- Lake of the Woods 27077
- Mahnomen 27087
- Marshall 27089
- Mille Lacs 27095
- Morrison 27097
- Olmsted 27109
- Otter Tail 27111
- Pine 27115
- Polk 27119
- Roseau 27135
- St. Louis 27137
- Stearns 27145
- Steele 27147
- Todd 27153
- Washington 27163
- Winona 27169
Montana view state ↗ 11 N ▾
Nevada view state ↗ 4 N ▾
New Hampshire view state ↗ 10 N ▾
New Jersey view state ↗ 4 N ▾
New Mexico view state ↗ 5 N ▾
New York view state ↗ 38 N ▾
- Albany 36001
- Allegany 36003
- Cattaraugus 36009
- Cayuga 36011
- Chautauqua 36013
- Chemung 36015
- Chenango 36017
- Columbia 36021
- Delaware 36025
- Dutchess 36027
- Erie 36029
- Essex 36031
- Franklin 36033
- Genesee 36037
- Hamilton 36041
- Jefferson 36045
- Lewis 36049
- Monroe 36055
- Niagara 36063
- Oneida 36065
- Onondaga 36067
- Ontario 36069
- Orange 36071
- Oswego 36075
- Rensselaer 36083
- Rockland 36087
- Schoharie 36095
- St. Lawrence 36089
- Steuben 36101
- Sullivan 36105
- Tioga 36107
- Tompkins 36109
- Ulster 36111
- Warren 36113
- Washington 36115
- Wayne 36117
- Westchester 36119
- Wyoming 36121
North Carolina view state ↗ 14 N ▾
North Dakota view state ↗ 5 N ▾
Ohio view state ↗ 29 N ▾
- Allen 39003
- Ashland 39005
- Ashtabula 39007
- Clark 39023
- Columbiana 39029
- Coshocton 39031
- Cuyahoga 39035
- Erie 39043
- Franklin 39049
- Geauga 39055
- Hocking 39073
- Holmes 39075
- Huron 39077
- Jackson 39079
- Jefferson 39081
- Knox 39083
- Lake 39085
- Licking 39089
- Lorain 39093
- Mahoning 39099
- Medina 39103
- Monroe 39111
- Morgan 39115
- Portage 39133
- Scioto 39145
- Summit 39153
- Trumbull 39155
- Van Wert 39161
- Vinton 39163
Oregon view state ↗ 30 N ▾
- Baker 41001
- Benton 41003
- Clackamas 41005
- Clatsop 41007
- Columbia 41009
- Coos 41011
- Crook 41013
- Curry 41015
- Deschutes 41017
- Douglas 41019
- Grant 41023
- Harney 41025
- Hood River 41027
- Jackson 41029
- Josephine 41033
- Klamath 41035
- Lake 41037
- Lane 41039
- Lincoln 41041
- Linn 41043
- Marion 41047
- Multnomah 41051
- Polk 41053
- Tillamook 41057
- Umatilla 41059
- Union 41061
- Wallowa 41063
- Washington 41067
- Wheeler 41069
- Yamhill 41071
Pennsylvania view state ↗ 49 N ▾
- Allegheny 42003
- Bedford 42009
- Berks 42011
- Blair 42013
- Bradford 42015
- Butler 42019
- Cambria 42021
- Cameron 42023
- Carbon 42025
- Centre 42027
- Clarion 42031
- Clearfield 42033
- Clinton 42035
- Columbia 42037
- Crawford 42039
- Dauphin 42043
- Elk 42047
- Erie 42049
- Fayette 42051
- Forest 42053
- Franklin 42055
- Huntingdon 42061
- Indiana 42063
- Jefferson 42065
- Lackawanna 42069
- Lancaster 42071
- Lawrence 42073
- Lebanon 42075
- Lehigh 42077
- Luzerne 42079
- Lycoming 42081
- McKean 42083
- Mercer 42085
- Monroe 42089
- Northampton 42095
- Perry 42099
- Pike 42103
- Potter 42105
- Schuylkill 42107
- Snyder 42109
- Somerset 42111
- Sullivan 42113
- Susquehanna 42115
- Tioga 42117
- Venango 42121
- Warren 42123
- Wayne 42127
- Westmoreland 42129
- Wyoming 42131
Rhode Island view state ↗ 1 N ▾
South Dakota view state ↗ 3 N ▾
Tennessee view state ↗ 11 N ▾
Utah view state ↗ 12 N ▾
Vermont view state ↗ 14 N ▾
Virginia view state ↗ 24 N ▾
- Amherst 51009
- Augusta 51015
- Bath 51017
- Bedford 51019
- Botetourt 51023
- Fauquier 51061
- Floyd 51063
- Giles 51071
- Grayson 51077
- Greene 51079
- Highland 51091
- Madison 51113
- Nelson 51125
- Page 51139
- Patrick 51141
- Rappahannock 51157
- Rockbridge 51163
- Rockingham 51165
- Russell 51167
- Scott 51169
- Shenandoah 51171
- Smyth 51173
- Tazewell 51185
- Washington 51191
Washington view state ↗ 33 N ▾
- Asotin 53003
- Chelan 53007
- Clallam 53009
- Clark 53011
- Columbia 53013
- Cowlitz 53015
- Ferry 53019
- Garfield 53023
- Grays Harbor 53027
- Island 53029
- Jefferson 53031
- King 53033
- Kitsap 53035
- Kittitas 53037
- Klickitat 53039
- Lewis 53041
- Mason 53045
- Okanogan 53047
- Pacific 53049
- Pend Oreille 53051
- Pierce 53053
- San Juan 53055
- Skagit 53057
- Skamania 53059
- Snohomish 53061
- Spokane 53063
- Stevens 53065
- Thurston 53067
- Wahkiakum 53069
- Walla Walla 53071
- Whatcom 53073
- Whitman 53075
- Yakima 53077
West Virginia view state ↗ 12 N ▾
Wisconsin view state ↗ 56 N ▾
- Adams 55001
- Ashland 55003
- Barron 55005
- Bayfield 55007
- Brown 55009
- Burnett 55013
- Chippewa 55017
- Clark 55019
- Columbia 55021
- Dane 55025
- Door 55029
- Douglas 55031
- Dunn 55033
- Florence 55037
- Fond du Lac 55039
- Forest 55041
- Grant 55043
- Iowa 55049
- Iron 55051
- Jackson 55053
- Kewaunee 55061
- La Crosse 55063
- Langlade 55067
- Lincoln 55069
- Manitowoc 55071
- Marathon 55073
- Marinette 55075
- Menominee 55078
- Milwaukee 55079
- Monroe 55081
- Oconto 55083
- Oneida 55085
- Outagamie 55087
- Ozaukee 55089
- Pepin 55091
- Portage 55097
- Price 55099
- Racine 55101
- Richland 55103
- Rock 55105
- Rusk 55107
- Sauk 55111
- Sawyer 55113
- Shawano 55115
- Sheboygan 55117
- St. Croix 55109
- Taylor 55119
- Vernon 55123
- Vilas 55125
- Washburn 55129
- Washington 55131
- Waukesha 55133
- Waupaca 55135
- Waushara 55137
- Winnebago 55139
- Wood 55141
§5Sources & provenance
USDA PLANTS
Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.
plants.usda.gov/CIAL ↗GBIF Backbone
Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.
gbif.org/species/3188797 ↗Record version
Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:
usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26
fetched 2026-05-26T20:46:58Z