Index / Search / Hesperis matronalis
§1 Plant
Hesperis matronalis L.
vernacular dames rocket — species · Brassicaceae
§2Habit & range
Habit and range
- Growth habit
- Forb/herb
- Duration
- Biennial, Perennial
- Group
- Dicot
- Family
- Brassicaceae Burnett
- Genus
- Hesperis
§2a
Native status, by region
- AK Alaska Introduced
- CAN Canada Introduced
- L48 Lower 48 States Introduced
§2b
County-level range
· 683 counties across 39 states/territories§3Cultivation specs · USDA
Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.
§3a
Tolerances
- Drought
- Medium
- Shade
- Medium
- Moisture use
- Medium
- Fire
- Low
- Salinity
- None
- Anaerobic
- None
- CaCO₃
- Low
- Hedging
- None
§3b
Climate & soil
- Cold tolerance
- -23 °F minimum
- Frost-free days
- 120 min.
- Precipitation
- 32–60 in/yr
- pH range
- 5–7
- Root depth
- 12 in min.
- Fertility need
- Medium
- Soil texture
- medium
§3c
Form & growth
- Growth form
- Bunch
- Growth rate
- Rapid
- Lifespan
- Short
- Mature height
- 4.5 ft
- Foliage texture
- Medium
- Foliage colour
- Green
- Porosity (summer)
- Moderate
- Porosity (winter)
- Porous
- Flower colour
- Purple
- Fruit colour
- Brown
- Fire resistant
- No
- N fixation
- None
- Toxicity
- None
§3d
Reproduction
- Bloom period
- Spring
- Seed abundance
- Medium
- Seed begins
- Summer
- Seed ends
- Fall
- Spread rate
- Moderate
- Stratify
- No
- Seeds / lb
- 224,000
- Propagation
- seed, container
§3e
Use & availability
- Commercial availability
- No Known Source
- Nursery stock
- Yes
- Browse palatability
- Low
- Graze palatability
- Low
- Palatable, human
- No
- Protein potential
- High
- Lumber
- No
- Christmas tree
- No
§4Counties, by state
Recorded in 683 counties across 39 states/territories.
Alaska view state ↗ 2 I ▾
Arkansas view state ↗ 6 I ▾
California view state ↗ 3 I ▾
Colorado view state ↗ 4 I ▾
District of Columbia view state ↗ 1 I ▾
Idaho view state ↗ 16 I ▾
Illinois view state ↗ 41 I ▾
- Bond 17005
- Boone 17007
- Carroll 17015
- Cass 17017
- Champaign 17019
- Clark 17023
- Coles 17029
- Cook 17031
- Crawford 17033
- De Witt 17039
- DeKalb 17037
- DuPage 17043
- Franklin 17055
- Grundy 17063
- Hamilton 17065
- Jackson 17077
- Jo Daviess 17085
- Johnson 17087
- Kane 17089
- Kankakee 17091
- Kendall 17093
- Lake 17097
- Lawrence 17101
- Lee 17103
- Livingston 17105
- Macoupin 17117
- Marion 17121
- Marshall 17123
- Mason 17125
- McHenry 17111
- McLean 17113
- Menard 17129
- Montgomery 17135
- Morgan 17137
- Piatt 17147
- Pope 17151
- Sangamon 17167
- Shelby 17173
- St. Clair 17163
- Union 17181
- Will 17197
Indiana view state ↗ 20 I ▾
Kansas view state ↗ 39 I ▾
- Barber 20007
- Barton 20009
- Brown 20013
- Cheyenne 20023
- Cloud 20029
- Coffey 20031
- Cowley 20035
- Douglas 20045
- Ellsworth 20053
- Franklin 20059
- Gove 20063
- Hodgeman 20083
- Jackson 20085
- Jefferson 20087
- Jewell 20089
- Johnson 20091
- Kingman 20095
- Leavenworth 20103
- Lyon 20111
- Miami 20121
- Mitchell 20123
- Morris 20127
- Neosho 20133
- Osage 20139
- Ottawa 20143
- Rawlins 20153
- Reno 20155
- Republic 20157
- Riley 20161
- Rooks 20163
- Russell 20167
- Saline 20169
- Shawnee 20177
- Smith 20183
- Sumner 20191
- Wabaunsee 20197
- Washington 20201
- Woodson 20207
- Wyandotte 20209
Kentucky view state ↗ 20 I ▾
Maine view state ↗ 9 I ▾
Massachusetts view state ↗ 14 I ▾
Michigan view state ↗ 32 I ▾
- Baraga 26013
- Bay 26017
- Benzie 26019
- Berrien 26021
- Cass 26027
- Charlevoix 26029
- Cheboygan 26031
- Delta 26041
- Eaton 26045
- Emmet 26047
- Gratiot 26057
- Houghton 26061
- Ingham 26065
- Ionia 26067
- Iron 26071
- Isabella 26073
- Kalamazoo 26077
- Kent 26081
- Leelanau 26089
- Mackinac 26097
- Marquette 26103
- Mason 26105
- Montmorency 26119
- Muskegon 26121
- Newaygo 26123
- Oakland 26125
- Otsego 26137
- Schoolcraft 26153
- Shiawassee 26155
- St. Joseph 26149
- Washtenaw 26161
- Wayne 26163
Minnesota view state ↗ 34 I ▾
- Anoka 27003
- Big Stone 27011
- Blue Earth 27013
- Cass 27021
- Chippewa 27023
- Clay 27027
- Dakota 27037
- Douglas 27041
- Fillmore 27045
- Hennepin 27053
- Houston 27055
- Isanti 27059
- Kittson 27069
- Lac qui Parle 27073
- Lake 27075
- Le Sueur 27079
- Lyon 27083
- Morrison 27097
- Mower 27099
- Norman 27107
- Olmsted 27109
- Otter Tail 27111
- Pennington 27113
- Pine 27115
- Pipestone 27117
- Ramsey 27123
- Scott 27139
- Sherburne 27141
- St. Louis 27137
- Stearns 27145
- Swift 27151
- Washington 27163
- Winona 27169
- Wright 27171
Missouri view state ↗ 16 I ▾
Montana view state ↗ 34 I ▾
- Big Horn 30003
- Blaine 30005
- Broadwater 30007
- Carbon 30009
- Carter 30011
- Chouteau 30015
- Fallon 30025
- Fergus 30027
- Flathead 30029
- Gallatin 30031
- Glacier 30035
- Golden Valley 30037
- Hill 30041
- Lake 30047
- Lincoln 30053
- McCone 30055
- Musselshell 30065
- Park 30067
- Phillips 30071
- Pondera 30073
- Powder River 30075
- Powell 30077
- Ravalli 30081
- Roosevelt 30085
- Rosebud 30087
- Sanders 30089
- Silver Bow 30093
- Stillwater 30095
- Sweet Grass 30097
- Teton 30099
- Toole 30101
- Valley 30105
- Wibaux 30109
- Yellowstone 30111
Nebraska view state ↗ 17 I ▾
Nevada view state ↗ 1 I ▾
New Hampshire view state ↗ 7 I ▾
New Jersey view state ↗ 15 I ▾
New Mexico view state ↗ 1 I ▾
New York view state ↗ 37 I ▾
- Albany 36001
- Bronx 36005
- Cattaraugus 36009
- Chautauqua 36013
- Chemung 36015
- Columbia 36021
- Delaware 36025
- Dutchess 36027
- Erie 36029
- Hamilton 36041
- Herkimer 36043
- Livingston 36051
- Madison 36053
- Monroe 36055
- Nassau 36059
- New York 36061
- Onondaga 36067
- Orange 36071
- Orleans 36073
- Otsego 36077
- Putnam 36079
- Queens 36081
- Rensselaer 36083
- Richmond 36085
- Rockland 36087
- Schenectady 36093
- St. Lawrence 36089
- Suffolk 36103
- Sullivan 36105
- Tioga 36107
- Tompkins 36109
- Ulster 36111
- Warren 36113
- Washington 36115
- Wayne 36117
- Westchester 36119
- Yates 36123
North Carolina view state ↗ 3 I ▾
North Dakota view state ↗ 30 I ▾
- Barnes 38003
- Benson 38005
- Billings 38007
- Bottineau 38009
- Burleigh 38015
- Cass 38017
- Divide 38023
- Dunn 38025
- Emmons 38029
- Golden Valley 38033
- Grant 38037
- LaMoure 38045
- McHenry 38049
- McIntosh 38051
- McLean 38055
- Mercer 38057
- Morton 38059
- Mountrail 38061
- Oliver 38065
- Pembina 38067
- Ramsey 38071
- Ransom 38073
- Richland 38077
- Sargent 38081
- Sheridan 38083
- Slope 38087
- Stark 38089
- Stutsman 38093
- Ward 38101
- Williams 38105
Ohio view state ↗ 44 I ▾
- Adams 39001
- Ashland 39005
- Ashtabula 39007
- Athens 39009
- Belmont 39013
- Butler 39017
- Columbiana 39029
- Coshocton 39031
- Crawford 39033
- Cuyahoga 39035
- Defiance 39039
- Delaware 39041
- Erie 39043
- Fairfield 39045
- Franklin 39049
- Geauga 39055
- Hamilton 39061
- Hancock 39063
- Harrison 39067
- Highland 39071
- Holmes 39075
- Jefferson 39081
- Knox 39083
- Lake 39085
- Lawrence 39087
- Lorain 39093
- Mahoning 39099
- Medina 39103
- Montgomery 39113
- Morgan 39115
- Muskingum 39119
- Ottawa 39123
- Perry 39127
- Portage 39133
- Preble 39135
- Richland 39139
- Stark 39151
- Summit 39153
- Trumbull 39155
- Tuscarawas 39157
- Van Wert 39161
- Washington 39167
- Wayne 39169
- Wood 39173
Oklahoma view state ↗ 1 I ▾
Oregon view state ↗ 9 I ▾
Pennsylvania view state ↗ 61 I ▾
- Adams 42001
- Allegheny 42003
- Armstrong 42005
- Beaver 42007
- Bedford 42009
- Berks 42011
- Blair 42013
- Bradford 42015
- Bucks 42017
- Butler 42019
- Cameron 42023
- Carbon 42025
- Centre 42027
- Chester 42029
- Clarion 42031
- Clearfield 42033
- Clinton 42035
- Columbia 42037
- Crawford 42039
- Cumberland 42041
- Dauphin 42043
- Delaware 42045
- Erie 42049
- Fayette 42051
- Forest 42053
- Franklin 42055
- Fulton 42057
- Greene 42059
- Huntingdon 42061
- Indiana 42063
- Juniata 42067
- Lackawanna 42069
- Lancaster 42071
- Lawrence 42073
- Lebanon 42075
- Lehigh 42077
- Luzerne 42079
- Lycoming 42081
- McKean 42083
- Mifflin 42087
- Monroe 42089
- Montgomery 42091
- Northampton 42095
- Northumberland 42097
- Perry 42099
- Philadelphia 42101
- Pike 42103
- Potter 42105
- Snyder 42109
- Somerset 42111
- Sullivan 42113
- Susquehanna 42115
- Tioga 42117
- Union 42119
- Venango 42121
- Warren 42123
- Washington 42125
- Wayne 42127
- Westmoreland 42129
- Wyoming 42131
- York 42133
Rhode Island view state ↗ 3 I ▾
South Dakota view state ↗ 15 I ▾
Tennessee view state ↗ 12 I ▾
Utah view state ↗ 4 I ▾
Vermont view state ↗ 10 I ▾
Virginia view state ↗ 45 I ▾
- Albemarle 51003
- Alleghany 51005
- Amherst 51009
- Appomattox 51011
- Augusta 51015
- Bath 51017
- Bedford 51019
- Bland 51021
- Botetourt 51023
- Chesterfield 51041
- Clarke 51043
- Culpeper 51047
- Dickenson 51051
- Fairfax 51059
- Fauquier 51061
- Floyd 51063
- Frederick 51069
- Giles 51071
- Gloucester 51073
- Goochland 51075
- Henrico 51087
- Henry 51089
- Highland 51091
- Loudoun 51107
- Montgomery 51121
- Nelson 51125
- Nottoway 51135
- Orange 51137
- Page 51139
- Patrick 51141
- Pulaski 51155
- Rappahannock 51157
- Rockbridge 51163
- Rockingham 51165
- Russell 51167
- Scott 51169
- Shenandoah 51171
- Smyth 51173
- Spotsylvania 51177
- Tazewell 51185
- Warren 51187
- Washington 51191
- Westmoreland 51193
- Wise 51195
- Wythe 51197
Washington view state ↗ 12 I ▾
West Virginia view state ↗ 21 I ▾
Wisconsin view state ↗ 26 I ▾
- Ashland 55003
- Brown 55009
- Columbia 55021
- Dane 55025
- Door 55029
- Green 55045
- Iron 55051
- Jefferson 55055
- Kenosha 55059
- Manitowoc 55071
- Marinette 55075
- Monroe 55081
- Oconto 55083
- Oneida 55085
- Racine 55101
- Richland 55103
- Rock 55105
- Sauk 55111
- Sheboygan 55117
- Taylor 55119
- Vernon 55123
- Walworth 55127
- Washington 55131
- Waukesha 55133
- Waushara 55137
- Winnebago 55139
§5Sources & provenance
USDA PLANTS
Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.
plants.usda.gov/HEMA3 ↗GBIF Backbone
Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.
gbif.org/species/3042291 ↗Record version
Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:
usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26
fetched 2026-05-26T20:46:58Z