Index / Search / Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa
§1 Plant
Populus balsamifera L. ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw
vernacular black cottonwood — subspecies · Salicaceae
§2Habit & range
Habit and range
- Growth habit
- Tree
- Duration
- Perennial
- Group
- Dicot
- Family
- Salicaceae Mirb.
- Genus
- Populus
§2a
Native status, by region
- AK Alaska Native
- CAN Canada Native
- L48 Lower 48 States Native
§2b
County-level range
· 209 counties across 10 states/territories§3Cultivation specs · USDA
Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.
§3a
Tolerances
- Drought
- Low
- Shade
- High
- Moisture use
- High
- Fire
- Low
- Salinity
- None
- Anaerobic
- Medium
- CaCO₃
- Medium
- Hedging
- None
§3b
Climate & soil
- Cold tolerance
- -53 °F minimum
- Frost-free days
- 70 min.
- Precipitation
- 10–125 in/yr
- pH range
- 5.5–8
- Root depth
- 30 in min.
- Fertility need
- Medium
- Soil texture
- coarse, medium, fine
§3c
Form & growth
- Growth form
- Single Stem
- Growth rate
- Rapid
- Lifespan
- Moderate
- Mature height
- 100 ft
- Height @ 20 y
- 40 ft
- Foliage texture
- Medium
- Foliage colour
- Green
- Porosity (summer)
- Moderate
- Porosity (winter)
- Porous
- Flower colour
- Yellow
- Fruit colour
- White
- Fire resistant
- No
- N fixation
- None
- Toxicity
- None
§3d
Reproduction
- Bloom period
- Mid Spring
- Seed abundance
- High
- Seed begins
- Spring
- Seed ends
- Spring
- Spread rate
- Moderate
- Stratify
- No
- Propagation
- seed, cuttings, bare root, container
§3e
Use & availability
- Commercial availability
- Routinely Available
- Nursery stock
- No
- Browse palatability
- Medium
- Graze palatability
- Low
- Palatable, human
- No
- Lumber
- Yes
- Fuelwood
- Low
- Christmas tree
- No
§4Counties, by state
Recorded in 209 counties across 10 states/territories.
Alaska view state ↗ 11 N ▾
California view state ↗ 44 N ▾
- Alameda 06001
- Alpine 06003
- Amador 06005
- Butte 06007
- Calaveras 06009
- Colusa 06011
- Del Norte 06015
- El Dorado 06017
- Fresno 06019
- Glenn 06021
- Humboldt 06023
- Inyo 06027
- Kern 06029
- Lake 06033
- Lassen 06035
- Los Angeles 06037
- Madera 06039
- Mariposa 06043
- Mendocino 06045
- Modoc 06049
- Mono 06051
- Monterey 06053
- Nevada 06057
- Orange 06059
- Placer 06061
- Plumas 06063
- Riverside 06065
- San Benito 06069
- San Bernardino 06071
- San Diego 06073
- San Luis Obispo 06079
- San Mateo 06081
- Santa Barbara 06083
- Santa Clara 06085
- Santa Cruz 06087
- Shasta 06089
- Sierra 06091
- Siskiyou 06093
- Sonoma 06097
- Tehama 06103
- Trinity 06105
- Tulare 06107
- Tuolumne 06109
- Ventura 06111
Idaho view state ↗ 30 N ▾
- Ada 16001
- Bannock 16005
- Benewah 16009
- Bingham 16011
- Blaine 16013
- Boise 16015
- Bonner 16017
- Boundary 16021
- Butte 16023
- Canyon 16027
- Caribou 16029
- Clearwater 16035
- Custer 16037
- Elmore 16039
- Fremont 16043
- Idaho 16049
- Kootenai 16055
- Latah 16057
- Lemhi 16059
- Lewis 16061
- Lincoln 16063
- Madison 16065
- Nez Perce 16069
- Owyhee 16073
- Payette 16075
- Shoshone 16079
- Teton 16081
- Twin Falls 16083
- Valley 16085
- Washington 16087
Montana view state ↗ 31 N ▾
- Beaverhead 30001
- Broadwater 30007
- Carbon 30009
- Chouteau 30015
- Deer Lodge 30023
- Flathead 30029
- Gallatin 30031
- Glacier 30035
- Golden Valley 30037
- Granite 30039
- Jefferson 30043
- Lake 30047
- Lewis and Clark 30049
- Lincoln 30053
- Madison 30057
- Meagher 30059
- Mineral 30061
- Missoula 30063
- Musselshell 30065
- Park 30067
- Petroleum 30069
- Powell 30077
- Ravalli 30081
- Rosebud 30087
- Sanders 30089
- Silver Bow 30093
- Stillwater 30095
- Sweet Grass 30097
- Teton 30099
- Treasure 30103
- Yellowstone 30111
Nevada view state ↗ 13 N ▾
North Dakota view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Oregon view state ↗ 33 N ▾
- Baker 41001
- Benton 41003
- Clackamas 41005
- Clatsop 41007
- Columbia 41009
- Crook 41013
- Curry 41015
- Deschutes 41017
- Douglas 41019
- Gilliam 41021
- Grant 41023
- Harney 41025
- Hood River 41027
- Jackson 41029
- Jefferson 41031
- Josephine 41033
- Klamath 41035
- Lake 41037
- Lane 41039
- Lincoln 41041
- Linn 41043
- Malheur 41045
- Marion 41047
- Morrow 41049
- Multnomah 41051
- Polk 41053
- Umatilla 41059
- Union 41061
- Wallowa 41063
- Wasco 41065
- Washington 41067
- Wheeler 41069
- Yamhill 41071
Utah view state ↗ 13 N ▾
Washington view state ↗ 30 N ▾
- Adams 53001
- Benton 53005
- Chelan 53007
- Clark 53011
- Columbia 53013
- Cowlitz 53015
- Douglas 53017
- Ferry 53019
- Garfield 53023
- Grays Harbor 53027
- Island 53029
- King 53033
- Kittitas 53037
- Klickitat 53039
- Lewis 53041
- Mason 53045
- Okanogan 53047
- Pacific 53049
- Pend Oreille 53051
- Pierce 53053
- San Juan 53055
- Skagit 53057
- Skamania 53059
- Spokane 53063
- Thurston 53067
- Wahkiakum 53069
- Walla Walla 53071
- Whatcom 53073
- Whitman 53075
- Yakima 53077
Wyoming view state ↗ 3 N ▾
§5Sources & provenance
USDA PLANTS
Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.
plants.usda.gov/POBAT ↗GBIF Backbone
Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.
gbif.org/species/6362904 ↗Record version
Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:
usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26
fetched 2026-05-26T20:46:58Z