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Index / Search / Populus deltoides

§1 Plant

Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall

vernacular eastern cottonwood — species · Salicaceae

USDA
PODE3
GBIF
3040232
Rank
species
eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
Platephotograph · JanetandPhilCC BY-NC-ND source · iNaturalist ↗

§2Habit & range

Habit and range

Growth habit
Tree
Duration
Perennial
Group
Dicot
Family
Salicaceae Mirb.
Genus
Populus
§2a

Native status, by region

  • CAN Canada Native
  • L48 Lower 48 States Native
§2b

County-level range

· 1,594 counties across 43 states/territories
Legend Native · 1594 Introduced · 0 Both · 0 Hover a county for detail.

§3Cultivation specs · USDA

Recorded by the USDA Plant Materials Program.

§3a

Tolerances

Drought
Medium
Shade
High
Moisture use
High
Fire
Medium
Salinity
Medium
Anaerobic
High
CaCO₃
Medium
Hedging
Low
§3b

Climate & soil

Cold tolerance
-43 °F minimum
Frost-free days
100 min.
Precipitation
18–55 in/yr
pH range
4.6–6.5
Root depth
24 in min.
Fertility need
Medium
Soil texture
coarse, medium, fine
§3c

Form & growth

Growth form
Single Stem
Growth rate
Rapid
Lifespan
Short
Mature height
190 ft
Height @ 20 y
80 ft
Foliage texture
Medium
Foliage colour
Green
Porosity (summer)
Dense
Porosity (winter)
Porous
Flower colour
Yellow
Fruit colour
White
Fire resistant
No
N fixation
None
Toxicity
None
§3d

Reproduction

Bloom period
Spring
Seed abundance
High
Seed begins
Spring
Seed ends
Spring
Spread rate
Rapid
Stratify
No
Seeds / lb
425,000
Propagation
seed, cuttings, bare root, container
§3e

Use & availability

Commercial availability
Routinely Available
Nursery stock
Yes
Browse palatability
Medium
Graze palatability
Low
Palatable, human
No
Protein potential
Medium
Lumber
Yes
Fuelwood
Low
Christmas tree
No

§4Counties, by state

Recorded in 1,594 counties across 43 states/territories.

Alabama view state ↗ 49 N ▾
Arizona view state ↗ 3 N ▾
Arkansas view state ↗ 75 N ▾
Colorado view state ↗ 29 N ▾
Delaware view state ↗ 2 N ▾
District of Columbia view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Florida view state ↗ 16 N ▾
Georgia view state ↗ 31 N ▾
Illinois view state ↗ 95 N ▾
Indiana view state ↗ 64 N ▾
Iowa view state ↗ 17 N ▾
Kansas view state ↗ 104 N ▾
Kentucky view state ↗ 94 N ▾
Louisiana view state ↗ 44 N ▾
Maine view state ↗ 4 N ▾
Maryland view state ↗ 1 N ▾
Massachusetts view state ↗ 12 N ▾
Michigan view state ↗ 48 N ▾
Minnesota view state ↗ 67 N ▾
Mississippi view state ↗ 46 N ▾
Missouri view state ↗ 102 N ▾
Montana view state ↗ 39 N ▾
Nebraska view state ↗ 53 N ▾
New Hampshire view state ↗ 5 N ▾
New Jersey view state ↗ 16 N ▾
New Mexico view state ↗ 24 N ▾
New York view state ↗ 40 N ▾
North Carolina view state ↗ 30 N ▾
North Dakota view state ↗ 36 N ▾
Ohio view state ↗ 87 N ▾
Oklahoma view state ↗ 37 N ▾
Pennsylvania view state ↗ 21 N ▾
Rhode Island view state ↗ 3 N ▾
South Carolina view state ↗ 15 N ▾
South Dakota view state ↗ 22 N ▾
Tennessee view state ↗ 38 N ▾
Texas view state ↗ 89 N ▾
Utah view state ↗ 3 N ▾
Vermont view state ↗ 9 N ▾
Virginia view state ↗ 65 N ▾
West Virginia view state ↗ 27 N ▾
Wisconsin view state ↗ 13 N ▾
Wyoming view state ↗ 18 N ▾

§5Sources & provenance

USDA PLANTS

Symbol, taxonomy, distribution, cultivation specs, native status. Public domain.

plants.usda.gov/PODE3 ↗

GBIF Backbone

Canonical taxonomic identity, synonym resolution, cross-refs. CC0.

gbif.org/species/3040232 ↗

Record version

Cached and built locally. Source version on this record:

usda-plants-mt-2026-05-26

fetched 2026-05-26T20:46:58Z